第7讲 词汇(二) |
来源:passks.com 2005-9-16 9:30:14 |
六级考试词汇题从词性角度看主要涉及动词、名词、形容词和少量副词、短语介词和连接词。词汇题的应试应从词的词性及其搭配入手,在较长的题干中找到决定正确答案的线索和依据即每道题的答题切入点,从而提高命中率,缩短答题时间。 一、 动词题 对于选择项为动词的词汇题,我们主要应从以下几个角度确定答题的切入点: 1.如果动词为不及物动词或被动语态,寻找句中该动词的主语,根据主谓的意义搭配关系确定答案。 例1.Mike just discovered that his passport had ____ three months ago. A.abolished B.expired C.amended D.constrained 本题根据选择项动词的主语passport(护照),可立即确定答案为B(过期)。 例2.Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire,we can report that the rebellion has in the main been ____. A.canceled B.destroyed C.suppressed D.restrained 本题找到了主语“the rebellion”(起义、暴动),即可知答案为C(被镇压)。 2.如果动词为主动语态的及物动词,则主要应寻找句中该动词的宾语,根据动宾的语义搭配关系,一般也能非常有效地确定正确答案。 例3.Since the two countries couldn't ____their differences,they decided to stop their negotiations. A.rectify B.oblige C.reconcile D.obscure 本例中,由宾语their differences(分歧),即可知答案为C.reconcile(调和、调解)。 3.对于通过“主-谓”,“动-宾”关系的判断尚无法确定答案的,如是及物动词,可同时根据其主语及宾语的特点来进行判断。 例4.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want,the question ____ a variety of answers. A.defies B.magnifies C.mediates D.evokes 本题中,仅根据宾语a variety of answers或主语the question,则无法确定该选哪个动词,但三者结合起来考虑,答案D.evokes便显而易见。如是不及物动词,则可同时根据其主语及状语修饰语来进行判断。 例5.On turning the corner,we saw the road ____steeply. A.departing B.depressing C.decreasing D.descending 例中,由主语road,再加上后续副词steeply即可明确答案为D。 4.除了动词与主、宾及状语的搭配之外,六级考题中还有相当一部分动词词汇题可通过空档后与动词搭配的介词来确定。 例6.All individuals are required to ____ to the laws made by their governments. A.obey B.conform C.comply D.observe 本题中虽然四个选择项均有“服从、遵守”之意,但根据后续介词to,即可找到答案为B。 5.还有一类动词题,如考生对某些动词的句型搭配(Verb Pattern)比较熟悉的话,则也可以非常容易地根据其常用句型搭配来选取答案。 例7.His argument does not suggest that mankind can ____ to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources. A.resort B.grant C.afford D.entitle 题中四个动词的常用句型分别是:resort to(doing)sth.;grant(同意给予)sb.sth.或grant(承认)sb.that从句;afford(to do)sth.和entitle sb.to (do)sth.由此可知答案必然为C。 例8.He would ____ it that his son took a livelier interest in politics. A.see into B.see through C.see about D.see to 根据题干空缺后的it that…,考生立刻就能想到有关动词see有see(to it)that这一句型搭配,故答案为D。 二、 名词题 对于选择项为名词的词汇题,我们同样可从其与句中其它成分的搭配关系入手,迅速确定答案。只是对于名词来说,它主要有与前面动词的搭配即动宾关系,与后面动词的搭配即主谓关系、与前后作定语的修饰成分的搭配及与后续修饰短语的搭配等。 1.根据前面的动词来确定需选的名词。 例9.I think that I committed a ____ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question. A.blunder B.revenge C.reproach D.scandal 本题的四个选项中,只有A.blunder能与动词commit搭配。又如下例中与动词make搭配的只有D.distinction。 例10.We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion. A.separation B.discrimination C.deviation D.distinction 2.如果选择项的名词在句中处于主语的位置,则可根据后面的谓语动词来判断正确答案。 例11.The West is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys where ____ could be easily made in cattle or land. A.fortunes B.property C.opportunities D.treasure 本例中,正确答案为A.fortunes与作谓语的could be made构成搭配,意为“发大财, 赚大钱”。 3.如果空档处的名词前有定语修饰,则常可仅根据该修饰搭配关系确定正确答案。 例12.Stop shouting.I can't hear the football ____. A.judgement B.interpretation C.commentary D.explanation 本题根据football即可选C.commentary,意为“足球比赛的评说”。 4.有时,也可根据所选名词的后续修饰搭配关系来确定正确答案,这类后续修饰成分包括一般的介词短语或定语从句等。 例13.In the Spring Export Commodities Fair the ____ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world. A.succession B.array C.string D.procession 题中,根据of fine china(瓷器),当选B.array为正确答案,表示“一大批排放整齐的精制瓷器”;而A.succession表示“一个紧跟着一个的一列”;C.string表示“一串”;D.procession则表示“队伍的一列”。 有时,后续的介词是与名词的固定搭配。这时确定哪个是正确答案就更为容易。 例14.Some fish have a greater ____ for acid water than others. A.tolerance B.resistance C.dependence D.persistence 题中四个名词分别有各自特定的介词搭配:tolerance for、 resistance to、dependence on和persistence in,由此即可知答案为A。 还有的时候,名词的后续修饰成份是某些名词特有的动词不定式短语或同位语从句。 例15.It is very strange but I had an ____ that the plane would crash. A.inspiration B.intuition C.imagination D.incentive 题中,只有intuition(直觉),能接同位语从句,故答案是B。 5.有些名词题涉及与该名词有关的成语,是某一固定成语的一部分,考生只要熟悉该成语,选取答案非常简单。 例16.They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour,but still could make ____ of them. A.impression B.comprehension C.meaning D.sense 题中make sense of是一成语,意为“弄懂、理解”,虽然B.comprehension 和C.meaning的有“理解”、“意思”等义,但都不与make搭配,不能选。 三、 形容词题 形容词主要用以修饰名词,所以对于选择项为形容词的词汇题,我们首先要找到与该形容词相关的名词,从两者的语义搭配关系入手。 1.如果空缺处形容词位于名词前作定语,则可根据该名词来确定需选的形容词。 例17.Some criminals were printing ____ dollar bills until they were arrested. A.decent B.fake C.patent D.suspicious 这里,用以修饰dollar bills的只有B.fake(假的、伪造的)。 例18.Some children display an ____ curiosity about every new thing they encounter. A.incredible B.infectious C.incompatible D.inaccessible 题中,四个选项的词义分别为“不可思议的”、“传染的”、“不可兼容的”和“不可到达的”,根据名词curiosity(好奇的),当选A。 2.如果空缺处形容词充当句子表语,则它所修饰的名词即为句子的主语,当根据作主语的名词来确定正确答案。 例19.His body temperature has been ____ for 3 days,the highest point reaching40.5℃. A.uncommon B.disordered C.abnormal D.extraordinary 本题中主语“body temperature(体温)”,只有“正常-normal”与“不正常-abnormal”之分,故正确答案非常明显,为C。 例20.Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ____ in tropical countries. A.prospective B.prevalent C.provocative D.perpetual 本题中,与空缺处相对的主语是this kind of eye disease,可知答案只能是B.prevalent(流行的),而不可能是“预期的(A)”、“挑衅/逗的(C)”或“永恒的(D)”。 3.有时,形容词题也可根据其后面的介词搭配或特殊句型来确定正确答案。 例21.Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more to ____ light than are human eyes. A.glowing B.brilliant C.sensitive D.gloomy 本例中,根据to light即可知答案为C.sensitive(对光敏感的)。 例22.Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become ____ at many survival skills. A.proficient B.persistent C.consistent D.sufficient 以上四个选项中,只有A.proficient(熟练的)能与介词at搭配。 四、副词题 副词题相对较少。副词主要用以修饰动词或形容词,我们自然应从被它修饰的动词或形容词入手,来确定可能的答案。 1.根据由空缺处副词修饰的动词,来确定正确答案。 例23.Some people either ____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them. A.violently B.enthusiastically C.sincerely D.deliberately 题中,能修饰动词avoid的副词最有可能的是D.deliberately(故意地)。 例24.These areas rely on agriculture almost ____,having few mineral resources and a minimum of industrial development. A.respectively B.extraordinarily C.incredibly D.exclusively 本题中,四个副词“分别地”、“异乎寻常地”、“不可思议地”和“唯一地”之中,只有D修饰rely on比较合适。 2.如果空缺处的副词用以修饰后面的形容词,则该形容词的语义在确定答案时往往起着关键性作用。 例25.When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days,John was ____ pale. A.enormously B.startlingly C.uniquely D.dramatically 题中,能比较恰当地修饰形容词pale的副词应该是B.startlingly(令人吃惊地)。 例26.Although the national government has introduces some new laws on this subject,it is the state governments that are ____ responsible for pollution control. A.precisely B.primarily C.progressively D.preliminarily 同样,本题中应当是“由政府·主·要负责污染的控制”,即答案为B。A.“精确地”、C.“渐进地”和D.“初步地”均不能修饰“负责”。 五、 短语题 六级词汇题中还有为数不少的短语类试题,对于这类试题的解答,主要根据该短语的句法功能确定所分属的词类,然后再根据上述四大词类的不同解题方法解答即可。 例27.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to ____ when it arrived in New York. A.go off B.get off C.come off D.carry off 本题选项为短词动词,在句法功能上为不及物动词,根据其逻辑主语a bomb,可知答案为A.go off(爆炸)。 例28.Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were____. A.in no way B.on the contrary C.at a loss D.of no avail 本例中四个选项为介词短语,根据句法功能作表语,相当于形容词,根据其对应的主语“attempts”可知答案为D.of no avail(徒劳无果的)。 只是短语中还有一类不属于上述四大实词类的短语介词,对于解答这一类试题,一定要在理解空缺前后逻辑关系的基础上,才能较有把握地选定正确答案。 例29.The younger person's attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ____ familiarity with technology. A.in quest of B.by means of C.in terms of D.by virtue of 题中B和D为同义,均表示“通过”,D又有“由于”之意,A为“寻找”,C 为“根据”。根据题意,对年轻人喜欢立体声这一现象的解释,只能“根据”他对立体声技术的熟知程度来进行,故答案为C。
补充:六级词汇中的复合词 alongside(along+side)prep.在…旁边,和…在一起;ad.并排地 beforehand(before+hand)ad.事先,预先 breakdown(break+down)n.垮台,故障,(身体)垮掉;分类 bypass(by+pass或pass+by)n.旁道,分流术;vt.绕过 cocktail(cock+tail)n.鸡尾酒(会) commonplace(common+palce)a./n.普通的(事),平凡的(事) commonwealth(common+wealth)n.联合体,联邦 database(data+base)n.数据库 drawback(draw+back)n.缺点,不利条件 fireworks(fire+works)n.烟花,爆竹 foremost(fore+most)a.首要的,最佳的 foresee(fore+see)vt.预见,预知 forthcoming(forth+coming)a.即将到来,可得到的 guideline(guide+line)n.指导方针,准则 handbook(hand+book)n.手册,便览 henceforth(hence+forth)ad.从今以后,从此以后 highlight(high+light)vt.使突出,强调;n.最精彩部分 hitherto(hither+to)ad.迄今为止 inland(in+land)ad.在(向)内地;a.内陆的 inlet(let+in)n.进口,入口,水湾 layman(lay+man)n.门外汉,外行 masterpiece(master+piece)n.杰作 minibus(mini+bus)n.面包车,小公共汽车 nickname(nick+name)n.绰号,别名 nightmare(night+mare)n.恶梦;可怕的事物 nonetheless/nevertheless(none/never+the+less)ad.然而,尽管如此 notwithstanding(not+with+standing)ad./prep.尽管 offset(set+off)vt./n.抵销,补偿 offspring(off+spring)n.子女,后代 outbreak(break+out)n.爆发,突然发生 outcome(out+come)n.结果outfit(out+fit)vt.装备,配备 overflow(flow+over)v./n.外溢,充满 overhear(over+hear)n.偷听,偶然听到 overlap(lap+over)v./n.(与…)重叠,互搭 outrage(out+rage)n.暴怒;v.使愤慨 overpass(over+pass)n.天桥,跨线桥 overthrow(throw+over)v./n.推翻,摒弃 overturn(over+turn)v.颠覆,打翻 paperback(paper+back)n.(书的)平装本 pastime(past+time)n.消遣,娱乐 peanut(pea+nut)n.花生 safeguard(safe+guard)vt.保护;n.预防措施 setback(set+back)n.挫折,退步 shepherd(sheep+herd)n.牧羊人 software(soft+ware)n.软件 spokesman(spoke+s+man)n.发言人 staircase(stair+case)n.楼梯 statesman(state+s+man)n.政治家 straightforward(straight+forward)a.正直的;明确的 streamline(stream+line)vt.使成流线型;精简 Thanksgiving(thanks+giving)n.感恩节 thereafter(after+there=that)ad.那以后 turnover(turn+over)n.人员更替(率),成交量 ultraviolet(ultra+violet)a.紫外(线)的 underestimate(under+estimate)vt.低估 underlying(lying+under)a.位于下面的,潜在的 undermine(mine埋地雷+under)vt.暗中破坏,侵蚀…基础 upgrade(grade+up)vt.提升,使升级 uphold(hold+up)vt.支持,维持 watehouse(wate+house)n.仓库,货栈 warfare(war+fare)n.战事,冲突 whereas(as+where=which)conj.而,尽管 whereby(by+where=which)conj.借以
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